How Stones Form

How Stones Form

This is a very long list as much of the site concerns this topic. I have separated the clinical materials from these articles except for a few obvious overlap areas. For example urine volume, calcium, oxalate, and citrate control supersaturation and the topic is here...
Pain and Injury from Stones

Pain and Injury from Stones

This big topic includes the miseries of stone pain and the array of other diseases that constellate with stones either because stones cause them or because stones are part of a manifold of disease. Bone disease is common in kidney stone formers and often ascribed to...
Stones from Systemic Diseases

Stones from Systemic Diseases

Here, stones are due to some serious systemic disease. We need to prevent them, but that invariably requires we cope with the disease that causes them. One could rightly say that uric acid stones fall in this category in that the low urine pH that drives them arises...
Fluids, Diet, and Meds for Common Stones

Fluids, Diet, and Meds for Common Stones

The most common kind of stone former has no systemic disease as a cause of stones – ‘idiopathic’ stone former means that. Being most common, their treatments rank highest for all physicians who treat stone formers. These articles include the...
Testing, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Testing, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Every stone former needs fasting serum and 24 hour urine testing. Likewise important, kidney stone analysis and review of images – CT scans especially. Medical evaluation is what physicians do. They integrate the testing with the history of stones and everything...
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